![]() Many infants with Turner syndrome are born with heart defects or even slight abnormalities in heart structure that increase their risk of serious complications. Turner syndrome can affect the proper development of several body systems, but this varies greatly among individuals with the syndrome. These individuals develop biologically as female, but the presence of Y chromosome material increases the risk of developing a type of cancer called gonadoblastoma. In a small percentage of Turner syndrome cases, some cells have one copy of the X chromosome and other cells have one copy of the X chromosome and some Y chromosome material. Or the error can occur in cell division in early fetal development so that only some cells contain the changed or missing parts of one of the X chromosomes (mosaicism). This error can occur in the sperm or egg with all cells having one complete and one altered copy. Cells have one complete and one altered copy. Changed or missing parts of one of the X chromosomes can occur. Other cells have only one copy of the X chromosome. This results in some cells in the body having two complete copies of the X chromosome. In some cases, an error occurs in cell division during early stages of fetal development. This results in every cell in the body having only one X chromosome. The complete absence of an X chromosome generally occurs because of an error in the father's sperm or in the mother's egg. ![]() The genetic changes of Turner syndrome may be one of the following: In females who have Turner syndrome, one copy of the X chromosome is missing, partially missing or changed. Females inherit one X chromosome from each parent. Males inherit the X chromosome from their mothers and the Y chromosome from their fathers. ![]() Most people are born with two sex chromosomes. ![]()
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